Leadership Style Essay

The primary focal point of any association is feasibility or efficiency (Mastrangelo, Eddy and Lorenzet, 2004). This is additionally uplifted by the expanding changes in item advertise exercises (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), 2001). The way that customers presently have a superior and moderate access to showcase data has achieved an expansion in their market power and the resultant impact is an all the more testing and serious market particularly in the private area. The open area then again is feeling the squeeze for a progressively powerful usage of open assets. Thusly, the journey for an upper hand and progressively better execution is turning into a central point for thought in for all intents and purposes all associations. In this light, the CIPD (2001) underlined on the job of initiative as a central point basic for an improved hierarchical presentation. Taormina (2008) upheld this in expressing that in authority is vested the capacity to choose how associations will be run and it assumes a significant job in affecting the association to progress. The CIPD (2001) further included that authority (or individuals the executives) is the fundamental component bridling different achievement factors in an association for adequacy. Various creators have likewise upheld the prior conversations on the pioneer achievement relationship (e. g Harris and Kuhnert 2008; Mastrangelo, Eddy and Lorenzet, 2004). Besides, research works have distinguished certain pointers to elite initiative. A significant one among these is authority conduct or administration style (Mastrangelo, Eddy and Lorenzet, 2004; Taormina, 2008). Initiative Style and Organizational Success: Drawing a Correlation Leadership style is one of the significant qualities that might be utilized to draw a line of distinction between elite and low execution associations (Adeyemi-Bello, 2001). Since the administration in an association greatly affects how it will be run, the style of authority inside the administration cycle has a method of directing the heading that such an association will go. Taormina (2008) buttressed this point in his work. He set up the way that initiative conduct come route in deciding the way of life or the overall climate in an association and this will thusly influence employees’ mentality towards execution and extreme accomplishment of such an association. Various divisions on administration conduct have been introduced. In any case, initiative style can be extensively ordered into two †‘People-Centered’ authority and ‘Task-Centered’ administration (Adeyemi-Bello, 2001 pg 150; Taormina, 2008 pg. 87). ‘People-Centered’ authority Versus ‘Task-Centered’ administration Different dynamic endeavors have been made at researching initiative from the conduct point. Be that as it may, a striking point was reached during the 1950s with the presentation of ‘Ohio State model’ which discussed ‘task-oriented’ and ‘people-oriented’ initiative (Taormina, 2008 pg. 87). These two classes appear to have been an ideal one that depicts administration practices since it is as yet being alluded as at present. As per Adeyemi-Bello (2001), task-arranged style stresses on creation and hierarchical objectives. This authority style is worried about how the authoritative objectives might be actualized. Individuals situated pioneers then again show extraordinary worry for the devotees (Adeyemi-Bello, 2001). They make a warm situation inside the association and encourage a solid positive relationship among individuals from the association. While this style offers a framework that regards the character, emotions and assessments of the workers and gives them a sentiment of strengthening (Taormina, 2008), task situated methodology is eager for accomplishments here and there at all expense (Adeyemi-Bello, 2001). Ensuing investigations after the underlying introduction of these initiative models have made endeavors at separating between them. The goal was to figure out which one ought to be favored over the other. Nonetheless, Adeyemi-Bello (2001) clarified that ebb and flow investigates have demonstrated that inclinations for any of the two styles rely upon the current circumstance inside the association. There are situations where one style will neglect to affect a decent outcome, not on the grounds that it is less compelling but since the current circumstance doesn't make a domain helpful for its usefulness (Mastrangelo, Eddy and Lorenzet, 2004). Besides, Jacques, Garger and Thomas (2008) commented that the ongoing conduct hypothesis of administration made the investigations a stride further by recommending that the two social methodologies will be increasingly viable when sufficiently mixed under some random circumstance. Their paper uncovered that alumni of task the board performs preferred in administration over those from another administration related courses in light of their capacity to mix the two authority styles; a preparation that the other gathering didn't get. Adeyemi-Bello (2001) had prior introduced this reality in her work. The aftereffect of her overview on 29 Baptist church pioneers shows a superior outcome when the two styles were joined in chapel authority than when every one was independently embraced. She finished up for the augmentation of these outcomes into authority in different domains of human exercises. The ramifications of these outcomes are very self-evident. A change in outlook in the substance and conveyance of administration preparing programs has gotten exceptionally important. The current preparing instilling vital arranging and undertakings centered practices should clear route for an increasingly adjusted methodology in the board preparing. Individuals supervisors ought to likewise figure out how to participate in a superior relational relationship with those under them, make a hotter domain favorable for a solid work relationship, and take part in techniques that will give representatives a sentiment of strengthening (Adeyemi-Bello, 2001; Monstarangelo, Eddy and Lorenzet, 2004; Taormina, 2008). The instance of Kleine Plastics in the UK introduced by Ludlow (1987) fills in as a genuine model in driving home the focuses that has been raised up until this point (in Tyson and Kakabadse eds. ). The work differentiated between the administration properties of Joseph Kleine, the originator of Kleine Plastics and that of David, his child at a specific time during the beginning times of the company’s improvement. It surveys Joseph Kleine’s mentality as ‘a alluring pioneer with whom his chiefs and work power wish to identify’ (pg. 23). He draws in a style that trusted and regarded his representatives and feels for their circumstances. To him, these individuals were his fundamental resources. This, combined with his outcome arranged propensities, impelled the work power towards an elite level. Be that as it may, David Kleine couldn't keep up this methodology when he needed to remain in during his father’s nonappearance. He needed outcome at all expense without due respects for his colleagues. Issues with his suggestions by his chiefs were minimized regardless of how veritable they might be. In spite of the fact that work was all the while advancing, excitement and efficiency level dwindled. The arrival of Joseph was invited with fights from each quarter. David style was seen as less powerful as a result of its absence of ‘human face’. End Leadership style is an issue that will at present keep on being a subject of enthusiasm among research laborers. The world is ever changing and individuals are getting progressively unique in demeanor and thinking. This requires an initiative methodology that will stay aware of the pace of the changes. A unique chief is one that is better prepared to react to changes and effectively enroll the collaboration of individuals in overseeing them viably towards a more prominent degree of creation execution.

Healthcare Business Proposal Essay Example

Human services Business Proposal Essay Example Human services Business Proposal Paper Human services Business Proposal Paper Today the entire Healthcare framework (NHS) is string exposed before us, in excess of 46 million Americans have no human services inclusion and more than 40 million have negligible inclusion (Dennis Kucinich, 2005). 41% of moderate to white collar class Americans abandoned human services spread for some piece of the year in 2005 and a stunning 53% of those acquiring under $20000 in 2005 abandoned protection for the entire year. As indicated by National Academy of Science Institute of Medicine just about 18000 Americans bite the dust every year because of absence of human services. Where it needs Improvement (Opportunity Analysis) As indicated by Paul Krugman (2006), the current arrangement of spends enough add up to cover for all inclusive medicinal services however conveys practically a large portion of the outcomes. A huge piece of cash spend today goes into organization and operational wastefulness as opposed to giving medicinal services to the individuals out of luck. He further clarified that in the current framework the specialist referenced has two full time clinical staff and another for charging and two office associates investing a large portion of their energy in gathering protection data on 301 diverse private plans. This operational complexity on a normal outcome in 20% expansion in cost and postponements in giving assistance to the required. No big surprise with such wasteful aspects American human services cost is twice per individual contrast with Canada which gives all inclusive social insurance to every one of its residents. To place things in context, today the nation burns through 15 % of its GDP on human services contrast with 9 to 10 percent spent by most other propelled nations. Also as American companies’ worldwide seriousness has diminished due to re-appropriating, an ever increasing number of organizations today are taking the way of not covering its representatives with medical coverage. Today the American organizations which treat its representatives appropriately are at weakness and government has not started any means to urge organizations to give wellbeing spread to its workers. Strategic agreement: Starting an Electronic Healthcare Record Company As this year Nobel Peace Prize victor Md. Yunus demonstrated that there is probability of making a socially capable and gainful business by working with the individuals who are at the base of the success pyramid. The organization is expect to keep up the electronic record of its clients the nation over. Every client will have an individual record and the organization will deal with not just the customer’s human services report, indicative tests report and other prescription report yet additionally will be accessible to all the emergency clinics in the nation. This will decrease the multiplying of costly symptomatic tests and will give specialists beginning data. It will be extra gainful if there should be an occurrence of crises where the specialists need to make brisk move and need the past record of the patient. Besides it will likewise cut down the operational cost which as per financial expert Paul Krugman is one of the fundamental supporter of cost. Aside from keeping up wellbeing records in a joint effort with the clinics and clients the organization will help the client in getting data in regards to the protection arrangements and associated demonstrative focuses, online medication flexibly and other auxiliary social insurance administrations.

Manifest Content of Your Dreams

Manifest Content of Your Dreams Sleep and Dreaming Print Manifest Content of Your Dreams By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 10, 2020 Image Source / Getty Images More in Psychology Sleep and Dreaming Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions The manifest content of a dream is the actual literal content and storyline of the dream. This is usually contrasted with what is referred to as the latent content or hidden meaning of the dream. For example, imagine that you have a very vivid dream that you fly out your bedroom window and soar around your city. The sights, sounds, and storyline of the dream are the manifest content. A dream interpreter might suggest that your dream reveals a hidden desire to seek freedom from your day-to-day life. This symbolic meaning behind the literal content of the dream is known as the latent content. A Closer Look at the Two Types of Dream Content According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, the manifest content of a dream includes the actual images, thoughts, and content contained within the dream.?? The manifest content is the elements of the dream that you remember upon awakening. In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud suggested that the content of dreams is related to wish fulfillment. Freud believed that the manifest content of a dream, or the actual imagery and events of the dream, served to disguise the latent content or the unconscious wishes of the dreamer.?? For example, if you dreamed that you were being chased by an ominous creature through the dark streets of a strange city, that would be the manifest content of the dream. What that dream might actually mean, or the interpretation of its symbolic meaning, would be considered the latent content. In this case, a dream analyst might suggest that the manifest content of your dream suggests that you are running from something in your life or worried about an upcoming change in your life. How the Mind Disguises Unconscious Thoughts So why does the latent content of a dream end up being hidden by the manifest content? Freud believed that the unconscious mind contained desires, urges, and thoughts that are unacceptable to the conscious mind.?? These might involve traumatic memories, secret desires, or socially objectionable urges that might cause distress if they were brought into awareness. As you recall, Freud believed that dreams served as a form of wish fulfillment. Since we cannot act on our unconscious desires in our waking life, we can explore these feelings in dreams. However, we tend to do this in hidden, symbolic forms. According to Freud, the mind uses a number of different strategies to censor the latent content of a dream. By censoring the unconscious wishes and disguising them in the manifest content, we can explore our hidden thoughts and memories in a way that protects the ego from anxiety. For example, imagine a new person just started working at your office. Everyone else seems to like this person, but you still feel a strange sense of ambivalence. One night, you dream that the new co-worker hates you and is going out of her way to sabotage your efforts and work with the goal of getting you fired. In the dream, she spreads untrue gossip about you throughout the office and even starts taking credit for your work. While the dream is obviously stressful, it does not really reflect the actions of this co-worker. The events of the dream represent the manifest content, but there is clearly something else behind this strange and rather frightening dream. Freud might suggest that you are using a psychological strategy known as a projection to disguise your true feelings about the new co-worker. This defense mechanism involves projecting your feelings onto someone else. The reality is that you deeply dislike the new co-worker, but you realize that these feelings are not shared by your officemates and would be deemed socially unacceptable. So you instead project these feelings onto the co-worker, dreaming that she hates you when it is actually the other way around. By doing this, you can explore your unconscious feelings in a way that seems more acceptable. Some other common ways that the mind censors latent content include displacement, symbolization, rationalization, and condensation.

To Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis - 868 Words

Literary criticism, based off literary theory, is an informed, written analysis of a work of literature. Literary Theory means to understand the ways one can connect to the text, such as how archetypal criticism focuses on how symbols affect the story. To Kill a Mockingbird, a fictional novel written by Harper Lee, contains different literary theories. This practice makes the reader feel as though they can decide what certain symbols in the book mean. In the novel, Lee expresses archetypal criticism through the hero, the child, and the scapegoat. The hero archetype is shown through many characters. Link Deas was a hero to Mrs. Robinson when he exclaimed to Mr. Ewell, †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢First thing you can do, Ewell, is get your stinkin carcass off my†¦show more content†¦Scout is one of them, shown when she, â€Å"I broke away from Jem and ran as fast as I could to Atticus.† (Lee 172). Scout running to Atticus proved to be very ignorant of her. It was a tight situation a nd Scout’s blink decision reflects the child archetype. The saying, â€Å"ignorance is bliss†, also shows her extreme innocence. Moreover, Jem was also a child, â€Å"It was Jem’s turn to cry. His face was streaked with angry tears†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Lee XX). Jem’s tears show his innocence, for it is very childlike to cry. He also shows ignorance, he should have been happy that some people in Maycomb were changing. Instead, he bawled his eyes out when things don’t go the way they should. Continually, Scout showed extreme innocence when, â€Å"When he was nearly thirteen, my brother, Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow.†(Lee XX). Scout thought that Jem was going to die when Jem had his arm broken. She had never seen someone unconscious before, and the unknown terrified her as much as death. This reflects her innocence, the mindset that there’s something in the dark. Furthermore, the child archetype is shown through these characters. Lee also uses her characters as scapegoats in Maycomb. Boo was a scapegoat when Scout said, â€Å"People said he went out when the moon was down and peeped in through windows†¦ any small crime committed in Maycomb was him.†(Lee XX). Whenever something happened in Maycomb, the first name to come to mind was Boo. They used him as an excuse, and BooShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pages Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird demonstrates organic unity through the use of literary tools to create, maintain, and amplify the central theme. Lee constructs and develops the theme of social inequality by employing dialogue, irony, and an extended metaphor. Through dialogue, the townspeople show contempt for blacks, viewing them and anyone who treats them as equals as inferior. This is evident in the analysis of the conversations of Bob Ewell, Mrs. Dubose, and Francis Hancock where they referRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Literary Analysis Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesAlmost 30 years later, To Kill a Mockingbird was published with hidden traces of fear getting the best of characters, most commonly without their knowledge. Based on the 1930s, Lee clearly led this book with Roosevelt’s words in mind. Without the concept and representation of fear through the citizens of Maycomb, specifically Atticus Finch, Bob and Mayella Ewell, and Boo Radley, the worry, poor morals, and yearn for pity would not be present in Harper Lee’s, To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus Finch, theRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Literary Analysis on Boo Radleys Relations with the Children822 Words   |  4 PagesBoo - Who? You know that old man in every life based movie that no one seems to understand or talk to? Well, in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, not only is the â€Å"old man† of the story misunderstood, but labeled a killer. This sets up an odd foundation for the relationship between the children and Boo at the start of the book. This relationship could be described at best as terrified. Scout mentions the Radley place in chapter 1 when she says; â€Å"inside the house lived a malevolent phantom†. ButRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreAnimal Farm Paradox Analysis1013 Words   |  5 PagesPublished Sample Analysis: In this part in Animal Farm, the pigs wish to enact rules that will benefit them at the expense of the other animals on the farm. In one of their rules, a paradox is created whose function is to expose the truth that despite governments claiming to treat everyone equally, they tend to favor certain groups over others. The paradox is created through the statement that some are more equal than others, which is a contradicting statement because if some are more equal thanRead MoreKill A Mocking Bird By Harper Lee Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mocking Bird is a written narrative by Harper Lee. The story is a linked sequence of conflict as seen through the eyes of a little girl named Scout. It looks back at a time when social injustice of prejudice was prevalent. The story if full of interesting characters, some good and some bad, but each very important to the plot of the story. It is very important to understand each of character’s views and the plot of the story as it plays an important role in the overall theme of the storyRead MoreEssay To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination893 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lee’s tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequencesRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird977 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for To Kill a Mockingbird â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads- they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white always wins. They’re ugly, but these are the facts of life.† ************ Along with the main theme of the story, racism, there are multiple other themes that are represented in the story. These include: the coexistence of good and evil, and importance of mortal educationRead MoreThe Setting Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1354 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Name: Amy Lyons Title: To Kill a Mockingbird Author: Harper Lee Setting: The setting of To Kill a Mockingbird is a small town in south Alabama called Maycomb County in the early 1930s. Point of View: Harper Lee s first, only novel is written in first person due to the fact we see the whole story through Scout s perspective. Theme: One of the crucial themes that Lee based the novel on was racism, which was an extremely controversial topic at the time the book was publishedRead MoreHow Harper Lees life and childhood influenced her writing of To Kill A Mockingbird2417 Words   |  10 PagesHARPER LEES VIEW OF THE 1930S AS A CHILD Harper Lee is well known for her great contributions towards modern society through her astounding book, To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel is read world-wide, in high schools and colleges because of its in-depth look at the social classes in the south during the 1930s. The book was influenced by society, in particular the social order of the south during her childhood. Lee grew up during this time of controversy which is why she writes so passionately about

Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven Essay - 1642 Words

An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven Death. A strong topic, frequently but solemnly discussed. However, when I read Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Raven†, I was immediately captivated by the new angle brought to my attention regarding death. While the topic of death is usually associated with either sympathy or horror, Poe succeeded in portraying a feeling caught between the two; and at the same time bringing forth new feelings I would never thought to consider regarding death. These feelings reflect a sorrow so deep into a psychological madness, a feeling that the pain death brings has ruined one forever. After analyzing this poem I came to the conclusion that Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Raven† demonstrates that the sorrow the death of a loved one brings will stay with you forever. Poe communicated this theme through abstract language , tone, and allusion. The opening lines of The Raven identify the speaker as someone who feels tired and weak but is still awake in the middle of a gloomy night. He passes the time by reading a strange book of ancient knowledge. The first line of the poem contains alliteration of w in â€Å"while,† â€Å"weak,† and â€Å"weary† to produce the effect of unsteadiness. This line also sets the poem’s rhythmical pattern and provides the first example of the use of internal rhyme in â€Å"dreary† and â€Å"weary.† The speaker tells of becoming more tired and beginning to doze but being wakened by a sound that he assumes is a quiet knock. Internal rhymes of â€Å"napping,† â€Å"tapping,†Show MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven944 Words   |  4 Pagesto display the evils of humanity. Edgar Allan Poe, American Gothic poet, often wrote unsettling and dark poetry marrying the natural and supernatural in order to demonstrate difficult to grasp human emotio ns such as grief or depression. Poe’s The Raven is a powerful, yet dark piece of poetry that utilizes rhyme, meter, and symbolism to entertain fans of Gothic literature and completely pull them into the drama of the piece. In the opening stanzas of The Raven, Poe establishes the tone of the poemRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven2149 Words   |  9 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is considered one of the greatest literary writers, but he was highly under-appreciated during his time, Poe was constantly looked down upon and suffered a bad reputation due to rumors created by authors who disliked him. Poe was seen as arrogant, mad, and a melancholy man who had no friends and spent his time drinking and using drugs. Poe s success came when The Raven was published in 1845, â€Å"†¦though it made Poe popular in his day, it did not bring him significant financial successRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven2600 Words   |  11 Pagesone of the world s most difficult forms of art. Many poets live throughout their lives and are never recognized for their achievements in their community. Edgar Allan Poe is one of the world s most renowned poets and wrote mainly in the form of poets and short stories. Some of Poe s most renown poems include The Raven, Annabel Lee. The poem The Raven deals with problems such as insanity and grief and the poem Annabel Lee deals with problems of grief and young love. Edgar Allan Poe wrote a lot aboutRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven1464 Words   |  6 Pagesstarts† Edgar Allan Poe one of America s best known poet, and author who became mad in the sense of insanity after his wife Virginia died of Tuberculous. This made Poe spiral into a deep depression which he wouldn’t be able to get himself out of because of the loss of his beloved Virginia. Poe had a very difficult, strange life, and a writing style like no one had ever seen before and that is what led him to be one of America’s most famous poets, and author. â€Å"The Raven† is what made Poe the wellRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven 1602 Words   |  7 PagesJadon Vanderslice. Ms. Glass English 1213 5 February 2017 Poe Edgar Allan Poe, arguably one of the best poets ever, has wrote many great and deep-meaning poems, such as â€Å"Annabel Lee,† and â€Å"Dream Within a Dream.† Both putting off a rather dark image and goth-like elements, a way of writing Poe loved best. Mostly known for â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s Poems all have real deep and mysterious meanings that make people think a bit more to figure it out. The way he expressed terror, the suspense, the heighteningRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven1232 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: The Raven Literature is a very powerful tool that is used to make a huge impact on society or in someone’s perspective. As complex as the world, literature can appear in many forms using unique vernacular that expresses human endeavors. In some cases, social reform is Transcendentalism is an American literary, philosophical movement, promoting the idea of independent progress. The central idea is the optimistic viewpoint of humanity. People, men and women equally, have knowledgeRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven1954 Words   |  8 Pagesauthors, Edgar Allan Poe, Anne Bradstreet, and Emily Dickinson, had poems in which they explored the common theme of death. Their unique views on death, as reflected in their poems, tells us of the different ways people looked at death during their respective times. In this essay, I will explore and explain three poems of Edgar Allan Poe, and one from Anne Bradstreet and Emily Dickinson respectively, and then compare the differences between the three authors. In Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, he usesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven788 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most successful writers of all time. Twelve of Poe’s works are known for their literary construction. The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most famous poems in history and was first published in 1845. This is a poem that many readers may describe as dark, twisted, and even scary can be oddly moving and eye catching. What were the meanings in his masterpiece, and what did Poe want his readers to understand? Poe’s literary work The Raven shows literary elementsRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe series of unfortunate events that Edgar Allan Poe experienced in his lifetime are what influenced his writing. His poetry heavily reflects the built-up emotions that he carried within himself. He repeatedly dealt with loss, rejection, and poverty throughout his entire life. When his wife, Virginia, was deat hly ill, Poe wrote his poem, â€Å"The Raven†, in which the reader can observe the speaker slowly fall into madness while grieving the death of his love, similar to Poe’s own experiences. Poe’sRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven And The Black Cat1225 Words   |  5 Pagesthe father of the modern horror story, Edgar Allan Poe was previously viewed as a drunken failure. Within Poe’s writings much of his own life riddled with guilt, anxiety, alcohol, depression and death shines through resulting in works that appear unrelated yet once dissected prove similar. This is true for Poe’s works â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Black Cat†. Poe’s examples of gothic fiction share the use of the color black and a rapid digression of the narrator s sanity while seemingly unveiling Poe’s internal

A foreword of a book on mass media laws and regulations Free Essays

string(84) " into two major parts \(1\) Organizational theories \(2\) Training and Development\." Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION: Syed Sajjad Ali Shah, Former Chief Justice of Pakistan said in a foreword of a book on Mass Media Laws and Regulations in Pakistan that: â€Å"All over the world, the citizens’ right to acquire knowledge and information is increasingly being proclaimed and recognized as a fundamental right. The international human rights instruments as well as national constitutions and laws, acknowledge and safeguard this right† WHAT IS ELECTRONIC MEDIA? Any channel of communication which serves different functions such as a wide range of entertainment or mass appeal and communicating news and information and advertisement messages through electronic medium is called Electronic media. The duty of media is to communicate massages from advertiser or vendors and serves it as a product or services to the consumer. We will write a custom essay sample on A foreword of a book on mass media laws and regulations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Types of media include print, electronic, outdoor and direct mail. Print media refers to magazine and news paper where as electronic media are usually referred as broadcast media that are radio and television including cable. BACKGROUND OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN PAKISTAN AND UK: In 1964 Television was first introduced in Pakistan. The only channel at that time was Pakistan Television (PTV) that lasts just for few hours everyday from evening till midnight to the viewers. The Channel introduced as a corporation of the state, where the government of Pakistan appointed its board of directors. The managing director was also appointed by the Government of Pakistan but with the approval of the boards. The Early channel includes STN, which was awarded by monopolistic contract with a private company called Network Television Market (NTM). In 1990 PTV was stroked by the financial mismanagement that causes a vast amount of debt and because of Hindi channels the rapidly reducing popularity among the viewers also reduced their advertising revenue. Pakistan Electronic Media is now regulated by Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). It was established under PEMRA ordinance of 2002. The same month after establishment PEMRA issued 29 Radio licences for new private radio stations. The duty of this authority is to regulate and facilitate the private electronic media, and to improve the standards of information, education and entertainment and to expand the choice for the people of Pakistan including current affairs, news, religious knowledge, arts and culture and as well as science and technology. Where as in 1932 right before 32 years when television was first launched in Pakistan, BBC launched the first television channel in UK called â€Å"THE BBC TELEVISION SERVICE.† The BBC was sponsored by the public money build up from a TV licence fee collected from all UK households who had a television set. This fee was mandatory for all; failure to pay the fee was punishable by prosecution causing a fine or imprisonment. Until ITV was launched in 1955 BBC television service had a complete monopoly in UK. ABSTRACT: Training and development come under the umbrella of human resource management. This research will help analyse the current frameworks by human resource executives to improve training and development within Pakistan media industry and as well as look at the barriers facing by human resource department over the coming year and techniques for overcoming them. This research is a comparative study of training and development strategies in UK and Pakistan media Industry. With the purpose to look into the topic, I will compare and relate the techniques of UK media Industry with Pakistan media industry as how UK media industry deals with such kind of situations. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Training and development refers to pass on or to enhance the specific knowledge and skills of an employee. Training and development is essential to advance the current and future performance of the employee by boosting the ability of an employee to perform better through learning and training. Training usually offers to the operatives on the other hand development programmes are for the employees on upper level or positions. The Primary aim of training and development is to help the organisation reach its goal by increasing value to its key resources that is the employee of the organization. By training the employee we can enable them to perform well and to empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities. The Basic aims of training and development are: It develops the ability of the employee and advances their performance. It helps to meet the organization with the future needs of human resource by help the staff to grow within the organization. And it also reduces the learning time for the employees and make sure that they become completely proficient as quickly and economically as possible. It has been seen that most of the researchers mainly focused their investigation on the role and responsibilities, role conflict and role ambiguity and some extent on the training and development programme, but this piece of research reflects the study of how training advance the level of understanding of the employee to their job and also how it helps in their career development. The main objective of the research is to look in to the developments in this important field of human resources particularly in electronic media industry in United Kingdom and Pakistan. Further to this we also look in to the organisations working without training and development department in some organisations. RESEARCH OVERVIEW: The goal of my research is to find out that how training and development can help improve the knowledge and skills of the employee within the organization especially in Pakistan electronic media by comparing it with the UK electronic industry mainly focus on the broadcasting media. The first chapter of my research will help to introduce the analysis of the study and also why it is useful to investigate further into this topic. The aim and objectives of the research study are also included in this chapter. Chapter two highlight the critical review of literature. The literature review will be divided into two major parts (1) Organizational theories (2) Training and Development. Chapter Three will cover up the research methodologies used for the research area. Chapter four will examine the data collection and analyse the types of information of the collected data. The Fifth Chapter will conclude the research and will suggest some advice and emphasize the limitations of the study. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW: A critical and in depth evaluation of a previous research is called Literature Review. It examines a wide range of literature concerned with the employee motivation which has major importance for organizational matters such as Training and development. The themes provided the framework based on: 1. Organisational theory which relates to employee in an organization 2. To designed the development strategies to reward and distinguish the employee input in television channels. We will look in this research how these set of organisational theories and approaches relate to understand the topic of research. ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES: Dugan the famous Author said in 1985 that â€Å"training and development is alive and well and growing. In fact, it has grown to be a part of a much larger arena.† There are so many approaches to training and development by so many authors my research will mainly focus on the Classical Approach, The human relation approach, and the contingency theory. I will give a brief introduction of all of these theories in my research. THE CLASSICAL APPROACH: The Standard model to the organizational plan and management in the classical approach were based on the assumed basic numbers, which are written below. To be operated and structured there is at least one best approach for all the organizations. Classical approach was based on the legal managerial power and rule of law. We know financial reward is the best way to motivate employee to work and we will also examine what are other ways of motivating employee and get their maximum use. THE HUMAN RELATION APPROACH: The Third step in the development of modern management was the advancement in the attention to the human factors which has become known as the â€Å"Human Relation School of management.† It was introduced in 1930s as a response to the negative view of human nature suggested by the classical approach and against the mechanistic view of organization. Human Relation approach talks about the emotional behaviour of the people that people are more emotional rather than economical rational beings, where as organizations are cooperative social systems rather than mechanical ones; and also that organizations are composed of informal structure, and rules as well as formal procedures and practices. CONTINGENCY THEORY: This theory was first come in to view in the 1960s as a rejection of the â€Å"One best way† approach. There are many types of the contingency theory. It is a set of behavioural theory that argues that there is no one best way of organising or leading and the leadership approach to one situation is not necessarily suitable to others. The Four most important suggestions of Contingency theory are: †¢ There is no one best way to manage the organization. †¢The plan and aim of the organization should be according to the environment. †¢Effective organizations not only plan according to the environment but also fit between its subsystems. †¢The organization should be properly designed and the management style should be suitable both to the tasks and the nature of the work group if the organization wants to satisfy its needs and requirements. ROLE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT According to Casse and Banahan (2007), â€Å"the different approaches to training and development need to be explored.† Training in an organization is mainly consisting of two parts: 1- Internal Training 2- External Training INTERNAL TRAINING: Internal training means a training session organised within the house by human resource department or giving training to a particular department by a senior staff or talented employee as a resource person. EXTERNAL TRAINING: The training which is arranged outside the organization by training institutes and consultants are called external training. Both the trainings are very essential as it helps preparing staff for greater challenges. THEORITICAL CONCEPT OF TRAINING: When the planning of a learning programme become a major concern, the theoretical concept of training becomes more significant. It helps determining the area where there is a space for further improvement and the training is required to achieve the goal. For any organization it is important to design the objectives and framework of training to achieve its corporate goal. There are countless theoretical concepts I will include few of them in my dissertation to make it clear to understand the objective of my research. I will try to briefly explain those concepts in my research proposal. Systematic training cycle is a stage based activity which begins with Training Needs Analysis (TNA) Jill Bowman John P. Wilson, (2008) Jill Bowman John P. Wilson, (2008) point out two definitions regarding (TNA) †¢ â€Å"Analysing training needs provides a focus and direction for the investment an organization has to make in its people†. †¢ Need for training exists in organizations when particular weaknesses need to me overcome by the application of systematic training. Therefore, before commencement of actual training session, it is very important to identify the training needs first. Jill Bowman John P. Wilson, (2008) The systematic training cycle has three stages. 1- Training Design 2- Training Delivery 3- Evaluation Any training programme in an organization has to be designed first once it is designed it needs to be implemented. Implementation is overwhelmed with certain problems such as managers at the first place are more action oriented but suddenly they get busy to engage in the training efforts. Secondly availability of the trainer who also knows the philosophy and objective of the company is difficult. And also scheduling the training programme around the present work is another problem. The final stage of the training and development programme is the evaluation of the programme. Evaluation of the programme helps determine the result. These set of classic theories and approaches will make the research topic more clearly for readers and how these relate to each other in media industry. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. The core task for any researcher to complete its research is to analyze the problem and to select that which research methodology to follow. It is a challenging endeavour and causes difficulties if the most suitable methodology is not selected. TYPES OF RESEARCH: 1- Primary Research 2- Secondary Research 3- Qualitative Research 4- Quantitative Research PRIMARY RESEARCH: In Primary research a researcher collects the data which doesn’t really exist. It can be done through surveys, questionnaire, interviews and observations. SECONDARY RESEARCH: Secondary research is to examining the existing data, it may be the mixture of information acquire by different authors and scholars and a summary or collation. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: Qualitative research tries to find out the â€Å"WHY† not â€Å"HOW†. It is about investigating the issues, answering the questions and understanding phenomena. The main methods uses in this research are observation, interviews and documentary analysis. It seeks to explore people’s attitudes, behaviours, value system, and lifestyles. It also focuses groups, in depth interviews like many other approaches but qualitative research also involves the analysis of any unstructured material including customer’s feedback forms, reports or media clips. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: Quantitative research technique enumerates the data by applying different mathematical and statistical methods. Quantitative research includes surveys and customers questionnaires. It is about knowing the opinion of the people in a way so you can produce an appropriate fact and statistic to guide you in making decision for future. You can only get the reliable statistical result by surveying people in a fairly large numbers and also ensure they are representative sample of your target market. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS: At first the data may appear to be a mass of confusing, unrelated, accounts. But by Studying and coding (often I code the same materials several times just after Collecting them), the researcher begins to create order (Charmaz, 1983: 114) In Data Analysis researcher gathers a raw data and organize it so that useful information can be extracted from it. Raw data can be in variety of types including measurements, surveys, and observations. In data analysis process, the raw data organised in a way which will be useful. For Example, The result of surveys may b tallied so that we can see that how many people answer to the surveys and how they response to the questions. Data Analysis is an important step of the research process. The aim of data analysis is to define the qualitative and quantitative data that provides learner to develop knowledge and skills in data analysis. It also supports the development of critical appraisal skills by considering the critical review. COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In this stage I will try to analyze the primary data which I will collect from different television channels. I will try to collect data from BBC and Pakistan television channels including GEO TV Network, Express News and AAJ TV. I will also do the surveys and make the questionnaire for the employee working in electronic media industry and also a separate interview questions for HR experts associated with the industry. I will also analyze the data and the information collected through surveys by focusing on the objective of my research and will try to analyse them in a very systematic way, it is very important as it will help me to draw a valid conclusion and clarify the aim and objectives of my research. TIME LINE FOR DISSERTATION: A dissertation is an extensive piece of academic writing. The timeline make sure that every step is completed at a given time. For successful achievement of a dissertation there has to be a time line. Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 TASKS Preliminary Research Define research questions/objectives Work on methodology and finish rough drafts of methodology Library Work Preparing Questionnaires, and survey questions Refine Dissertation Methodology Write literature review Write Introduction Research paper writing References and Bibliography Polish format of research proposal CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION: This research adds value in quite a lot of ways; firstly it contributes a better understanding on some vital attributes of Training and Development specifically in Pakistan and UK electronic media Industry. Secondly it provides insight the attitude and behaviour of an employee in the organization and why they need training. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of training in the efficiency of an employee, in how the training gives confidence to perform there desire task in their routine work. How to cite A foreword of a book on mass media laws and regulations, Essay examples

Financial Accounting Management Business Operations

Question: Discuss about the Financial Accounting for Management Business Operations. Answer: 1: A. Acquisition Analysis and Consolidation Journal Entries Acquisition Analysis for the year ending 30 June, 2016. Amount $ Fair value of Net assets acquired Total Assets Acquired 627,000.00 Less: Total Liabilities (221,300.00) Net Assets 405,700.00 Purchase Consideration 356,000.00 Capital Reserve (Net Assets- Purchase consideration) 49,700.00 Table 1: Acquisition analysis (Source: Created by author) Joan Ltd had acquired 100% shares of Jewel Ltd in the financial year 2011 against the purchase consideration $356,000. As the companys acquired net asset was more than the consideration, the difference is considered as a capital reserve on consolidation. Since then the management of has analyzed consistent rise in the retained earnings of the group company. Liabilities and other dues on long term loan were also consistent in the past five years. Apart from these, the products of Jewel Ltd providing a good share in the current market and by acquiring it to further 100%, management is of the view that it would lead to the growth of the business as a whole. Upon examining the product line, business operations, organizational members structure of both the companies, it has been concluded that there is compatibility in the operating functions and the acquisition would not lead to incur high expenses whether in relation to arrangement needs or sale of labor. Further, it was agreed between the companies that the holding company Joan Ltd would be abide Corporation Law and principles of accounting standards to recognize the consolidated financial statements (Yang et al. 2015). Accordingly, any intercompany sales and accounts balance would be settled as per the accounting standard on consolidation of IFRS. Journal Entries For the year ended 30 June 2016 For the group Joan Ltd and Jewel Ltd Amount $ Particulars Debit Credit 1 Jewel Ltd Dr 42,000.00 To Sale of Inventory 42,000.00 (Being inventory sold by Joan Ltd to Jewel Ltd during the year 30 June 2016) 2 Joan Ltd Dr 65,000.00 To Sale of Inventory 65,000.00 (Being inventory sold by Jewel Ltd to Joan Ltd during the year 30 June 2016) 3 Unrealized Profit Dr 13,000.00 To Inventory 13,000.00 (Being Inventory produced by Jewel Ltd at $20,000 that was sold to Joan Ltd $33,000) 4 Unrealized profit Dr 2,000.00 To Inventory 2,000.00 (Being Inventory produced by Joan Ltd at $5,000 that was sold to Jewel Ltd $7,000) 5 Bank A/c Dr 20,000.00 To Inventory 20,000.00 (Being inventory sold by the Joan and Jewel group to the external parties cost of which was $15,000) 6 Inventory A/c Dr 5,000.00 To Profit on sale on inventory 5,000.00 (Being profit incurred on sale on inventory assuming the sales had taken place at the recorded value) 7 Unrealized profit Dr 36,000.00 To Plant and machinery 36,000.00 (Being an item of plant sold to Joan Ltd By Jewel Ltd in the beginning of the year at $116,000 whereas the carrying cost was $80,000) 8 Joan Ltd Dr 26,500.00 To Bank A/c 26,500.00 (Being management fees paid by Jewel Ltd to Joan Ltd during the year 30 June 2016) 9 Full Goodwill method Goodwill A/c Dr 0.00 Asset A/c Dr 627,000.00 To Liabilities A/c 221,300.00 To Non- controlling interest 0.00 To Capital Reserve 49,700.00 (Being capital reserve determined and recognized as Full Goodwill Method) Table 2: Journal Entries (Source: Created by author) Note 1: Since the acquisition of shares by Joan Ltd was on 1st July 2016 therefore it is assumed that the acquisition journal entries have already been made in the financial year 2011- 2012. Note 2: As the acquisition is of 100% between Joan Ltd and Jack Ltd, hence minority interest or non- controlling interest would not arise. Note 3: The determination of goodwill or capital reserve will be same in both the Full Goodwill Method and Partial Goodwill Method because the acquisition is of 100% and there is no minority interest exists. B. Consolidation Worksheet Financial Statement (Extract) Particulars Joan Jewel Combine Elimination Current assets Accounts receivable 55,400.00 84,500.00 139,900.00 Inventory 105,000.00 38,000.00 143,000.00 (143,000.00) Non-current assets Land and buildings 278,000.00 326,000.00 604,000.00 Plant - at cost 299,850.00 355,800.00 655,650.00 (135,000.00) Less: Accumulated depreciation (85,750.00) (138,800.00) (224,550.00) 55,000.00 Investment in Jewel Ltd 356,000.00 - 0.00 Equity Retained earnings 358,000.00 244,200.00 602,200.00 Share capital 350,000.00 - 350,000.00 Current liabilities Accounts payable 81,700.00 76,300.00 158,000.00 Tax payable 66,300.00 25,000.00 91,300.00 Non-current liabilities Loans 152,500.00 120,000.00 272,500.00 Table 3: Financial position combination (Source: Created by author) Appropriation of Profit Particulars Capital Profit $ Revenue Profit $ Balance as on 1 .07.2011 xxx 80,000.00 Less: Unrealized Profit - 51,000.00 Add: Unrealized Loss - - Total 29,000.00 Holding co. (100%) 29,000.00 Cost of Control Investment 356,000.00 Less: Share capital 200,000.00 (200,000*100%) Less: Pre acquisition Profits - Goodwill 156,000.00 Table 4: Consolidation workings (Source: Created by author) 2: A. Relationship between Bosco Ltd and Circus Ltd According to International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 10, definition of subsidiary includes a company controlled by another company. Such control can be gained if the holding of shares or voting rights is more than 50%. The parent company will have the power to control and govern the financial and operational part of the subsidiary for better business decision. On the contrary, associate is defined in International Accounting Standard (IAS) 28 as the significant influence of the investor over an associate company (Exner et al. 2015). It means that the investor has the right to participate in the business and financial decision but cannot control the policies and regulations. Such significant influence is gained by purchasing shares or voting rights for more than 20% but less than 50%. In the given case, Bosco acquired 80% of the issued securities of Circus Ltd on 1 July 2014. Considering the principles of IFRS and IAS the relationship between Bosco and Circus Ltd is that of parent- subsidiary because the acquired voting right by Bosco is more than 50%. It is not necessary to acquire 100% securities for having parents- subsidiary relationship as acquisition of 100% securities would mean wholly owned subsidiary of the acquirers. B. Acquisition Analysis and Consolidation Journal Entries Acquisition Analysis for the year ending 30 June, 2016. Amount $ Fair value of Net assets acquired Total Assets Acquired 1,400,000.00 Less: Total Liabilities 223,000.00 Net Assets 1,177,000.00 Purchase Consideration (80%) 890,000.00 Capital Reserve (Net Assets- Purchase consideration) 287,000.00 Table 5: Acquisition analysis (Source: Created by author) Bosco Ltd acquired 80% of the issued securities of Circus Ltd on 1 July 2014 for consideration of $ 890,000. On acquisition the company gained capital reserve because the value of net asset is more than the purchase consideration. It was observed that the Circus Ltd had good market share and acquiring the company by Bosco Ltd would provide a positive impact on the growth and sustainability for the group company. Observing the acquisition price it was noted that the stocks of Circus Ltd indicates true and fair price and there was no inflation been added to the stocks or assets of the company. all the events between the companies post consolidation was agreed to be taken under mutual consent and the companies agreed to abide by the regulations of Corporation Law and Accounting Standards. Journal Entries For the year ended 30 June 2016 For the group Bosco Ltd and Circus Ltd Amount $ Particulars Debit Credit 1 Circus Ltd Dr 43,000.00 To Sale of Inventory 43,000.00 (Being inventory sold by Bosco Ltd to Circus Ltd during the year 30 June 2016) 2 Bosco Ltd Dr 120,000.00 To Sale of Inventory 120,000.00 (Being inventory sold by Circus Ltd to Bosco Ltd during the year 30 June 2016) 3 Unrealized profit Dr 14,000.00 To Inventory 14,000.00 (Being Inventory produced by Circus Ltd at $70,000 that was sold to Bosco Ltd $84,000) 4 Goodwill impairment loss Dr 5,000.00 To Investment in Circus Ltd 5,000.00 (Being impairment on acquired goodwill recognized by the group on consolidation) 5 Unrealized profit Dr 88,000.00 To Plant and machinery 88,000.00 (Being an item of plant sold to Circus Ltd By Bosco Ltd in the beginning of the year at $190,000 whereas the carrying cost was $102,000) 6 Circus Ltd Dr 300,000.00 To Bank A/c 300,000.00 (Being loan provided to Circus Ltd by Bosco Ltd during the year 30 June 2016) Bank A/c Dr 9,000.00 To Interest on loan 9,000.00 (Being interest on loan received from Circus Ltd for the year 30 June 2016) 7 Partial goodwill method Goodwill A/c Dr 0.00 Asset A/c Dr 1,400,000.00 To Liabilities A/c 223,000.00 To Non- controlling interest 400,000.00 To purchase consideration 890,000.00 To Bargain purchase (113,000.00) (Being bargain purchase determined and recognized as Full Goodwill Method) 8 Income to non- controlling interest Dr 164,600.00 To Non- controlling interest 164,600.00 (Being profit on minority shareholding on consolidation recognized in the books of group company) Table 6: Journal Entries (Source: Created by author) Consolidation Worksheet Appropriation of Profit Particulars Capital Profit $ Revenue Profit $ Balance as on 1 .07.2014 xxx 425,000.00 Less: Unrealized Profit - 102,000.00 Add: Unrealized Loss - - Total 323,000.00 Holding co. (80%) 258,400.00 Non- controlling interest (20%) 64,600.00 Cost of Control Investment 890,000.00 Less: Share capital 400,000.00 (500,000*80%) Less: Pre acquisition Profits - Goodwill 490,000.00 Minority Interest Share Capital (20%) 100,000.00 Profits of Subsidiary 64,600.00 Total 164,600.00 Table 7: Working notes (Source: Created by author) C. Acquisition Analysis under Full Goodwill Method Acquisition analysis using full goodwill method For the year ended 30 June 2016 Amount $ Fair value of net identifiable assets of Circus Ltd 1,177,000.00 (1,400,000- 223,000) Less: Fair value of non- controlling interest 200,000.00 Net asset acquired 977,000.00 Less: Purchase consideration 890,000.00 Bargain purchase/ (Goodwill) 87,000.00 Table 8: Acquisition analysis (Source: Created by author) 3: Acquisition Analysis Cricket Ltd invested in 40% of the issued share capital of Charlie Ltd for an amount of $160,000. Since the acquisition is of 40%, Cricket Ltd gained significance influence over Charlie Ltd and is required to recognize the financial information by following equity method of AASB 128. It has been observed that the investee company, Charlie Ltd had retained earnings of $95,000 which increased to $257,000 in the year 2016 post investment. Apart from that, the investee company also has good market share as well as better investment opportunity for wealth maximization (Yang et al. 2015). Acquisition Analysis Amount $ Investment 160,000.00 Cricket's share on income after tax and before dividend payment of Charlie Ltd ($2791,000 * 40%) 1,116,400.00 Cricket's share on dividend payment by Charlie Ltd ($200,000 * 40%) 80,000.00 Table 9: Acquisition analysis (Source: Created by author) Journal entries for accounting Cricket Ltd's investment in Charlie Ltd For the year ended 30 June 2017 Amount $ Debit Credit 1 Investment on 1 July 2015 Investment in Charlie Ltd Dr 160,000.00 To Bank A/c 160,000.00 (Being 40% shares acquired and invested in Charlie Ltd) 2 Income on Investment 30 June 2016 Investment in Charlie Ltd Dr 1,013,600.00 To Income from Equity 1,013,600.00 ($2,534,000 * 40%) (Being share of income @40% has been recognized) 3 Dividend received 80,000.00 Bank A/c Dr 80,000.00 To Investment in Charlie ltd (Being share of dividend received has been recognized during the year) 4 Income on Investment 30 June 2017 Investment in Charlie Ltd Dr 1,036,400.00 To Income from Equity 1,036,400.00 ($2,591,000 * 40%) (Being share of income @40% has been recognized) 5 Tax Expenses Income tax expense Dr 639,000.00 To Bank A/c 24,000.00 To Deferred tax liability 615,000.00 (Being tax expenses at the rate of 30% recognized for dividends received and income on investment during the year) 6 Unrealized profits Investment in Charlie Ltd Dr 2,000.00 To Inventory A/c 2,000.00 (Being profit on sale of inventory costing at $4,000 to Cricket Ltd for $6,000 has been eliminated and recognized) 7 Consolidated income A/c Dr 3,000.00 To Investment in Charlie ltd 3,000.00 (Being unrealized profit on sale of inventory to Charlie Ltd for $12000, costing $9,000 has been cancelled) Table 10: Journal Entries (Source: Created by author) Working Notes: Appropriation of Profit Particulars Capital Profit $ Revenue Profit $ Balance as on 1 .07.2015 xxx 95,000.00 Less: Unrealized Profit - 3,000.00 Add: Unrealized Loss - - Total 92,000.00 Holding co. (40%) 36,800.00 Table 11: Analysis of profit (Source: Created by author) Cost of Control Investment $160,000.00 Less: Share capital $80,000.00 (200,000*40%) Less: Pre acquisition Profits - Goodwill $80,000.00 Table 12: Cost of control (Source: Created by author) Reference List: Exner, A., Bartels, L.E., Windhaber, M., Fritz, S., See, L., Politti, E. and Hochleithner, S., 2015. Constructing landscapes of value: Capitalist investment for the acquisition of marginal or unused landThe case of Tanzania.Land Use Policy,42, pp.652-663. Yang, L., Grossmann, I.E., Mauter, M.S. and Dilmore, R.M., 2015. Investment optimization model for freshwater acquisition and wastewater handling in shale gas production.AIChE Journal,61(6), pp.1770-1782.

Review Questions Solutions Essay Example

Review Questions Solutions Paper Structuring and refining the requirements are completed independent from the users, although you may need to occasionally contact users to clarify some issue overlooked during analysis. Finally, you ask users to review and evaluate the prototype. After reviewing the prototype, users may accept the design or request that changes be made. If changes are needed, you will repeat the construction-evaluate-refinement cycle until the design is accepted. Usually, several iterations of this cycle occur during the design of a single form or report. The major deliverables produced from the process of signing forms and reports are the creation of design specifications. A design specification includes a narrative overview, a sample design, and a testing and usability assessment section. Some specification intimation may be irrelevant when designing some forms and reports. For example, the design off simple ;yes/No selection form may be so straightforward that no usability assessment would be needed. Also, much of the narrative overview may be unneeded, unless it avgas used to highlight some exception that must be considered during implementation 2. To which initial questions must the analyst gain answers to in order to build an initial prototype of a system output? The initial questions are listed in Table 8-1; these questions include: (I) who will use this form or report; (2) what is the purpose of the form or report; (3) when is the form or report needed and used; (4) where does the form or report need to be delivered and used; and (5) how many people need to use or view the form or report? 3. How should textual information be formatted on a help screen? The guidelines for formatting a help screen are based on the general guidelines for formatting text. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Questions Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review Questions Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review Questions Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The general guidelines for formatting text are presented in Table 8-4; these guidelines govern case, spacing, justification, hyphenation, and abbreviations. 4. What type of labeling can you use in a table or list to improve its usability? The following labeling guidelines can improve the usability of a table or list: (1) all columns and rows should have meaningful labels; (2) labels should he separated from other information by using highlighting: and (3) redisplay labels when the data extends beyond a single screen or page, S. What column, row, and text formatting issues are important when designing tables and lists? The guidelines for formatting columns, rows, and text in a table or list include: (l) sorting in a meaningful order (e. G. , ascending, descending, or alphabetic); (2) placing a blank line between every five rows in long columns; (3) sorting vertically similar information displayed in multiple columns (that is, read from top to bottom, not left to right); (4) placing at least two spaces between columns; (5) allowing white space on printed reports for the user to write notes; (6) using a single typeface, except for emphasis; (7) using the same family of typefaces within and cross displays and reports; and (8) avoiding overly fancy fonts. Describe how numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data should be formatted in a table or list. The guidelines for formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data in a table or list include: (1) right justifying numeric data and aligning columns by decimal points or some other delimiter; (2) left justifying textual data and using a short line length, usually 30-?40 characters per line (this is what newspapers use, and it is easier to speed read); and (3) breaking long sequences of alphanumeric data onto small groups of three to four characters each. 7. Provide some examples where variations in user, task, system, and environmental characteristics might impact the design of system forms and reports. User-related concerns include experience, skills, motivation, education, and personality. Task-related concerns include time pressure, cost of errors, and work duration, The system platform is a system-related concern, and lighting, sound, and task interruptions are environment-related concerns, 8. Describe the process of designing interfaces and dialogues. What deliverables are produced from this process? Are these deliverables the same for all types of system projects? Why or why not? The design process is a user-focused activity that typically follows a prototyping approach. First, you must gain an understanding of the intended user and task objectives by collecting initial requirements during requirements determination. After collecting the initial requirements, you Structure and refine this information into an initial prototype. Structuring and refining the requirements are completed independent from the users, although you may need to occasionally intact users to clarify some issue overlooked during analysis. Finally, you ask users to review and evaluate the prototype. After reviewing the prototype, users either accept the design or request changes. If changes are needed, single interface or dialogue. Design specifications are the primary deliverables; these documents include a narrative overview, sample design, testing and usability assessment, and dialogue sequence outline. 9. List and describe the functional capabilities needed in an interface for effective entry and navigation, Which capabilities are most important? Why? Will this be the same for all systems? Why or why not? The functional capabilities include cursor control capabilities, editing capabilities, exit capabilities, and help capabilities: Table 8- 6 summarizes these capabilities, When designing the navigation procedures within your system, flexibility and consistency are primary concerns. Users should be able to freely move forward and backward or to any desired data entry fields. Consistency extends to the selection of keys and commands. Each key or command should have only one function, and this function should be consistent wrought the entire system and across systems if possible. The most important capabilities will vary from system to system. For a given system, consistency is the most important capability. System capabilities will, unfortunately, vary from system to eastern II_Describe the general guidelines for structuring data-entry fields. Can you think of any instances when it would be appropriate to violate these guidelines? Table 8-?7 summarizes the guidelines for structuring data entry fields. Some of the design guidelines may be violated in certain circumstances. Gore example, a help system might be omitted from a very impel system or a system designed to be used by a single user or small group. II. Describe four types Of data errors. Sources of data errors include appending, truncating, transcription, and transposing. Appending adds additional characters to a field; truncating loses characters from a field; transcription errors enter invalid data into a field; transposing reverses the sequence of one or more characters in a field. Describe the types of system feedback. Is any form of feedback more important than the others? Why or why not? Three types of system feedback are issued in the chapter; these include status information, prompting cues, and error or warning messages. No single method can be deemed most important because each is critical to an effective design. 13,Describe the general guidelines tort designing usable help. Can you think of any instances when it would be appropriate to violate these guidelines? Table 8-12 presents the general guidelines for designing usable help. Some of the design guidelines may be violated in certain circumstances. For example, a help system might be omitted from a very simple system or a system designed to be used by a single user or mall group. 14 What steps do you need to follow when designing a dialogue? Of the guidelines for designing a dialogue, which is most important? Why? The three major steps in dialogue design are: (I) design the dialogue sequence; (2) build a prototype; and (3) assess usability. A case could be made for the importance Of all steps. Yet, designing the dialogue (With the input Of the user) is likely the most important step because this is where you collect and structure the users requirements. 15. Describe What is meant by a cookie crumb. HOW do these help prevent users from getting lost? A cookie crumb is a technique for showing users where they are in a Web site: a series of tabs are placed on a Web page showing the users where they are and where they have been. By showing users where they are in a Web site, cookie crumbs keep users from getting lost; users can just click on a hyperlink to return home. 16,Describe why you might want to use lightweight graphics on some Web pages and large detailed graphics on others, Often users do not want to wait for large, color images to download, especially if they have a slow modem. If the time is excessive, the users will often leave the site, Lightweight graphics download much faster and give the user a thumbnail sketch to the product.

Racial diversity in The United States

Racial diversity in The United States Introduction The United States have witnessed tremendous changes and developments in its racial and ethnic composition in the last three centuries owing to factors such as colonization, immigration and more recently the economic globalization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Racial diversity in The United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the world has experienced massive integration over the years, the United States remains the only country where the bulk of the integration has occurred. More importantly, the racial diversity has become a common determinant in the business environment with major implications on economic fortunes of locally and foreign based companies. The success of integration of immigrants is believed to influence the market dynamic and consumer expectations. In addition, integration of races has elicited much debate among racial sociologists with some supporting heterogene ity while others are keen on the homogenization of all races to form an American culture. This research paper will offer the differing perspectives of the melting pot and the salad bowl images in interracial relations. The paper will provide a brief description of the two metaphors and relate them to appropriate theories of relations before discussing their strengths and limitations. To start with, it is imperative to define the two metaphors in order to have a clear picture of what they represent in the American society. The salad bowl is a concept widely used to denote the successful incorporation of divergent and differing cultural values and norms in a different setting such as the United States. Although some form of integration occurs in the society, the specific cultures do not overly merge to form a homogenous culture, but retain their distinct values. On the other hand, the melting point has been regularly been used to bring out the tendency of a society losing its heteroge neity of cultures thereby embracing a common and homogenous cultural concept. The assimilation of the cultural diversity occasioned by massive influx of immigrants to the United States in the later stages of 18th century is a good example of the melting pot concept (Yitzhaki Schechtman, 2009, p. 140).Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More American culture from 18th to early 20th century can be explained through the melting pot concept owing to the fact that major developments and realignments on socio-economic and political dynamic occurred during this period. The concept has been widely been regarded as among the pillars that helps the American people enjoy much success in social and economic circles. Taking into consideration that America has its origin in immigration, the massive influx of foreigners from Europe pitched camp in the United States thereby settin g a foundation of the American culture. The arrival of the Africans and Latinos as slaves followed by the Hispanics brought a rich cultural mix (Henderson, 2009, p. 11). Although interracial relations were limited owing to stereotyping and legal challenges, considerable merger of the culture occurred in the early years of immigration buoyed by the close relationships that formed between the employers, farmers, slaves and the tradesmen. Although segregation based on ethnicity and economic might was prevalent, integration gained momentum in the years after American independence especially in major cities such as New York (White, 1989, p. 28). The interaction of the different ethnic groups within the various neighborhoods and in the workplaces increased the speed of assimilation of cultural diversity to form a distinct and dynamic American culture. Rosaldo (1994, p. 405) asserted that assimilation started at the lowest level where a lot of social mobility is observed and improved as th e immigrants improved their social status. Increasing discontent by the opponents in the first half of 20th century fuelled by inequalities in the social environment resulted in the embracement of the salad bowl. The legalization of interracial marriages took effect in 1967 and the enactment of the immigration Act of 1q965 meant that an increasingly number of immigrants entered the country thereby imparting negatively on their integration in the American culture. The desire of the minority groups from Asia and Latin America to retain their identity and heritage meant an end to the homogeneity of the American society thereby resulting in the wide application of the salad bowl concept (Henderson, 2009, p. 23).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Racial diversity in The United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, America enjoys the most dynamic culture with almost all aspects of its socio-economic st ructures having a well balanced representation brought about by political and social changes of the preceding decades. A walk through the streets of major cities reveals a huge presence of Hispanics and African Americans in addition to the Asians and blacks which has made America to be regarded as a land where plurality of races. In view of the above, the melting pot has been widely used to refer to the act where all immigrants are introduced into the large pot, which is America, and are assimilated gradually just like the components of the pot melt away to form a common item. The act of melting down of cultural beliefs to embrace the American model is widely observed in language, dressing and lifestyle. In contrast, the salad bowl offers a current representation of the American society (Banton, 1998, p. 54). The salad bowl consists of several ingredients that bring their unique tastes and flavors. It is worth noting that an increase in the ingredients commensurate to a rich and oft en tasty salad. The presence of the ingredients as entities is imperative to achieve the delicacy of the salad. Likewise, America is allowing large numbers of immigrants into its territory each year thereby resulting in influx of a variety of cultures. The upsurge of immigrants in the last few decades meant the segregation of the newcomers, who in turn delved to retain their identities, hence forming a mosaic type of scenario. This has led to the emergence of distinctive ethnic enclaves that are bound by the American vision thus forming a whole entity, just like in the salad (LeMay, 2008). Proponents of multiculturalism have been in the forefront in championing the salad bowl due to their desire for the society to retain the diversity offered b y this concept. On the other hand, the melting pot has played a major role in uniting people of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds thereby making it popular in places experiencing conflict. The melting pot is therefore associated with assimilation whereby the larger society is protected from receiving undue influence from the some cultures. Therefore, melting pot is associated with assimilation while the salad bowl is close to the theories of multiculturalism (Aguirre Jr. Turner, 2008, p. 65). In addition, melting pot has lost relevance in America owing to changes in social dynamic s and technological advancements although it still holds clout in other countries where cohesion among different ethnic populations is needed to ensure stability. In contrast, salad bowl has become a modern day concept that allows retention of cultural diversity in the society thereby creating more avenues of influencing the social economic dynamics.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theories of racial relations Theories of racial relations have continually served to shed light on the different perspectives of the melting pot and salad bowl. In fact, they offer a systematic approach that enhances the understanding of the holistic study of races in relation to the social environment particularly with regard to concerns over discrimination and conflicts. Assimilation theories have been widely utilized to expound on the concepts behind the melting pot in interracial relations. Park (1930, p. 183) asserted in his theory that the immigrants make an initial contact with the larger society, similarly to introduction to the large pot. Close interaction occurs during the first few months and years before a competitive phase ensues whereby the ethnic populations are often faced with dwindling resources and opportunities resulting in stiff competition. Scarcity of employment opportunities and social amenities brings about discontent between the two competing sides to an ex tent where ethnic conflict occur (Kivisto, 2004, p. 76). In addition, the immigrants are entirely blamed for the social problems by the larger society thus providing more time for interaction whereby learning of each other ways take place (Aguirre Jr. Turner, 2008). In comparison to the components of the melting pot, the immigrants together with their descendants surrender and start learning the norms of their new environment thereby improving their relations with their other races. Incorporation in joint ventures is achieved when close interaction occurs at workplaces and social activities resulting into sharing of cultural values. In tandem with the melting pot concept, the merger of the two cultural entities led to the invention of a distinct cultural identity (LeMay, 2008). It is worth noting that the assimilation process is effective only when conducive predisposing factors that promote interaction of the various ethnic populations. However, the assumption that assimilation is a relentless process while failing to explain the impact of the discriminatory forces makes the theory’s premise weak (Yitzhaki Schechtman, 2009, p. 148). The embracement of salad bowl in mid 20th century provided a good basis on which the population dynamics could be explained. The salad bowl concepts shares similarities with the pluralism theories due to their assertion of retention of distinct identities in advent of social pressures to homogenize. The pluralism theory champions the preservation of cultural and organizational structures while maintaining the behavioral characteristics as a form of curtailing discriminatory efforts towards a certain group. In tandem with the contents of the salad bowl, pluralism theory is concerned with the perpetuation of the ethnic identities hence creating a pluralistic society that is unique due to its mosaic nature (LeMay, 2008). Pluralism theory realizes the inevitability of change thereby creating avenues of minimal adjustments in the cultural values with the sole aim of shielding the small populations from discrimination. While minimal deviation from the norms is advised, the theory asserts that retention of elements that denote the ethnic heritage should always precedence at all times. More importantly, the theory supports the view that heterogeneity and diversity offers better prospects in terms of development of cultural values (Spiro, 1955, p. 1234). Despite serving to complement the salad bowel, pluralism theory is criticized for failing to take into consideration the broader social forces that perpetuate discrimination; its explanation is premised on ethno genesis. Strengths and limitations The melting pot set the foundation of the formation of an American culture that has unified the people irrespective of the differing demographic variables. The cultural assimilation concept involving all the ethnic identities ensures the resulting cultural dispensation receives wide acceptance from the masses (Yitzh aki Schechtman, 2009, p. 143). However, the concept fails to take into account the implications of the disparities between the various ethnic populations in terms of economic power and numbers. Although cultural assimilation occurs, a high tendency of segregation and homogeneity has been observed based on ethnic origin. It is not uncommon to find distinct neighborhoods habited by a certain ethnic population, and such examples are evident in majority of the cities. In addition, the skewed distribution of new immigrants in terms of settlement denotes impediments to the overall integration of the American society at social, cultural and economic levels while taking into account the existence of ethnic poverty and dispersion (Yitzhaki Schechtman, 2009, p. 143). Empowerment of the minority groups is acknowledged by the salad bowl where they are provided with an opportunity to preserve their identities as a way of cushioning themselves from discrimination. More importantly, improved liv ing and relations within and without the cultural ethnic enclave is efficient owing to the mutual respect developed amongst the populations. However, the tendency of manipulating the supportive environment through legislative or social changes aimed at disadvantaging a certain group is rife. Loss of diversity and eventual demise of variety through exposing the minority groups would exacerbate the situation thereby rendering them vulnerable to massive challenges in the society (White, 1989, p. 89). Conclusion Taking into the variations in the ethnic populations of the immigrants, the eventual integration in the American way of life has become a difficult task. While opposing views exist between the two concepts, their success in improving interracial relations has proved a success story. However, the holistic and unpredictable nature of the American socio, economic and political environment has eroded some achievements leading to fragmentation of the society at the local level. Moreo ver, manipulation of the balancing mechanisms would water down the fruits of salad bowl and melting pot. It is therefore imperative for the American people to remain vigilant in ensuring the premises behind the two models are retained thus ensuring peaceful coexistence and improved interracial relations. Reference List Aguirre Jr., A. Turner, J. (2008). American Ethnicity: The Dynamics and Consequences of Discrimination. New Jersey: McGraw. Banton, M. (1998). Racial Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge university press. Henderson, S. (2009). Aspects of American History. New York: Prentice Hall. Kivisto, P. (2004). What Is The Canonical Theory Of Assimilation? Robert E. Park and His Predecessors. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 40(2), 149–163. LeMay, M. (2008).The Perennial Struggle: race, ethnicity, and minority group relations in the United States. New Jersey: McGraw. Park, R. E. (1930). Assimilation, social. In E. R. A. Seligman A. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedi a of the social sciences (pp. 281–283). New York: Macmillan Company. Rosaldo, R. (1994). Cultural Citizenship and Educational Democracy. Cultural Anthropology, 9(3), 402-411. Spiro, M. (1955). The Acculturation of American Ethnic Groups. American Anthropologist, 57(6), 1240-1252. White, S. (1989). A Question of Style: Blacks in and around New York City in the Late 18th Century. The Journal of American Folklore, 102(403), 23-44. Yitzhaki, S. Schechtman, E. (2009). The â€Å"Melting Pot†: A Success Story? Journal of Economic Inequality, 7(2), 137-151.

Discuss the Explain the view that the dependence of developing Essay

Discuss the Explain the view that the dependence of developing economies on agriculture condemns them to remaining among the worlds poorest nations, Discuss th - Essay Example Cash crops in developing countries are mainly for exports and some of these products include coffee, tea and cocoa, however the oversupply of these products in the global market leads to low prices, high competition in the global market also leads to the low prices of these products. Subsistent crops are produced for the purpose of domestic consumption and the surplus is sold in the local markets, however the products are usually perishables and due to lack of good infrastructure and communication networks products do not reach the market where prices would have been high. The production of both cash crops and subsistence crops is important in these developing countries, cash crops are grown for the purpose of export while the subsistence crops are for local production, however these countries mostly produce the cash crops in large quantities in order to export although these goods do not yield sustainable incomes for the country to develop, there is need to diversify these products. Many developing countries are faced with natural disasters such as draughts and floods, this cause them to import food from other countries when such disasters occur, they lack food security programs that ensure that in years of over production the surplus is stored and these therefore contribute to food shortages, these importation of food products from other countries results to unfavourable balance of payment and unsustainable debts, therefore there is need to initiate a food security program and also an import substitution strategy. Falling food prices in the long term Due to the overproduction of agricultural products leading to high supply levels, the prices of food products falls even to levels below the cost of production, these leads to underdevelopment in the agricultural sector where farmers avoid overproduction of products. Price stabilisation The developing countries

Popular Indian Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Popular Indian Religion - Essay Example Translation of a segment included in this Vedic literature â€Å"Âpastamba's Yagà ±a-Paribhà ¢shà ¢-Sà »tras† was conducted by F. Max Muller which was related with the ‘General Rules of the Sacrifice’. ‘Yagà ±a’ or sacrifice in Sutra I of this literature is stated as an act to offer or rather to surrender, i.e. ‘pruputti’ of a living or a non-living object to the God (Muller, 2004). ‘Yagà ±a’ is made to the God or Goddess with the expectation to attain a reward in terms of blessings. These rewards have often been termed to be related with the ‘path to heaven’, prosperity or ‘samridhi’ and absolute enlightenment or ‘samyak-sambodhi’. The Sutras in â€Å"Âpastamba's Yagà ±a-Paribhà ¢shà ¢-Sà »tras† reveal a variety of rituals to perform sacrifice in order to satisfy the worshiped God or Goddess. Rituals and objects for the ‘Yagà ±a’ differ according to the God or Goddess and similarly the process also varies in each case. In the traditional art of Hinduism, the rituals of sacrifice also differed on the basis of the caste system, i.e. Brà ¢hmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Sudra (Oldenberg, 1892). ... The importance of sacrifice and the raison d'etre of the ritual has also been explicitly defined in all the four main Vedas of Hindu Shastra, i.e. Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva Vedas (Oldenberg, 1892). It is in this context that the Sutras mentioned in the literature had a significant impression on the society during the traditional period where Brahmanas and Kshatriyas were termed to be the higher castes possessing the rights to perform every kind of sacrifice and thus were referred to be better connected with the spiritual world in comparison to Vaisyas and Sudras. In relation to the influences of the rituals mentioned in the sutras on the Hindu society and from an ethical point of view it is quite apparent that â€Å"Apastamba's Yagna-Paribhasha-Sutras† played a crucial role in introducing hierarchical caste systems in the then Hindu society. On the similar context, in the â€Å"Grihya Sutras† of Gabhila in Kandika 5, it has been stated that a worshiper should even s acrifice a ‘black-cow’ or a ‘white-cow’ in order to please God and thus barricade the harms caused due to Asvattha, Palaksha, Nyagrodha, and Udumbara to the house. Notably, these are termed to be the favourite trees of Surya, Yama, Varuna, and Pragapati (Muller, 2004). The question that arises in this context relates to the issue where on one hand the religion tends to term cow as a sacred animal and similarly teaches to have mercy on every living creature on earth respecting them as the blessings and creations of God himself, the rituals of the same asks to sacrifice an animal. Concerning these issues, followers of other religions such as Budhists, Jains and Ajivikas have remarked the ritual of sacrifice to be a symbol of ‘ascetic practices’.

Lim Goh Tong

Lim Goh Tong The person who I admire most is Lim Goh Tong, and thus i had choosen him for my Malaysian Studies term paper topic. There are many great things of Lim Goh Tong that I always admire. He is not only a hardworking person, but also a smart businessman who do the right thing at the right time, I think its safe to say the greatest businessman in Malaysia. Lim Goh Tong was raised in an lower middle-class home, a rustic environment in a village, and was forced to leave school at 16, but yet this didnt hold him back in achieving his dream. Malaysians, especially the young generation, have a lot to learn from Lim Goh Tong. His spirit and courage in meeting challenges have enabled him to rise from nobody to somebody. Even without the advantages of higher education, he has proven that nothing is impossible. 2. Parents and Background He was born in 1918 in Anxi, a county in the region of Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Anxi is well-known for its Oolong tea, and Tiegunyin. His forefathers originated from Penglai, Fujian. At an early time, they migrated to Anxi and settled down there. His grandfather was Lim Mei Chow. His father, Lim Shi Quan, was the eldest of four boys in the family. The other boys were Lim Mo Zi, Lim Mo Sen and Lim Mo Jin. Like Lim Goh Tong, his father and grandfather was an upright man, loved and respected by anyone. His mother, Goh Ban, did not come from a rich family. But she always had the principle of being a good wife and mother. A gentle, affable lady with strong religious beliefs, she loved her family deeply and set a great store by proper upbringing for her children. His father own a business of dealing in vegetable seeds, rabbits and other items, while his mother took care of her seven children. Despite her bound feet, she had to do a lot of heavy work. But she never complained. The couple worked perfectly as a team, in line with the age-old Chinese thinking that the man should take charge of external affairs and the woman, domestic matters. A good parental teachings is very important that could affect a childs life through his behaviour and attitude. Same goes to Lim Goh Tong, his parent had been tirelessly teaching them with traditional Chinese virtues. They kept telling him the importance of hardworking and perseverance. Such parental teachings have a big impact on him and he always have the thought of once he make a commitment to do something, he must try his best to accomplish it. His parent frequently says: Do good to others and youll be rewarded somehow. this has been locked in his mind always, making him a humble man that respected by everyone that works with him. 3. Origin of His Name Lim Goh Tong The name Goh Tong is Fujuan dialect, in Chinese it would be Wu Tong, meaning the parasol tree. According to southern Chinese legend story, the phoenix, the legendary king of the birds, would rest only on wutong trees. There is even a saying of planting a wutong tree to attract phoenix for good fortune. His parents name him after wutong tree was to hoped to bring Lim Goh Tong a good fortune. 4. His Childhood The 1911 Revolution led by Sun Yat Sen that brought an end to Chinas long history of imperial dynasties. Fortunately, his life was relatively sheltered in village, his family was a warm and happy one, he had a happy childhood and opportunity to start studying the Chinese classics at the age of six, when he was not studying, he used to help his father selling vegetable seeds, tea leaves and other goods by the roadside or in the neighboring town of Yongchun. But disaster strucked, his father passed away when he was 16. With the lost of his father, he was forced to leave school. As the oldest son, he had to take over the heavy burden of feeding seven mouths in the family. After getting over the shock and pain of losing his father, he took over his trading business, he faced all sorts of problems. On his first day of business in Yongchun, he had failed to make even a single sale. Life as seed seller was tough. He had to leave home before dawn everyday and walk all the way to Yongchun. Two years passed. He managed to save up about 100 dollars. But due to continuing of civil war came the threats of banditry in his native place. Faced with security problem and declining business, he decided to give up trading to work as a carpenter. This was to be his line for next two years. In the meantime, the situation in China was becoming more and more worrying. Apart from suffering the turmoil from fighting between warrng factions, the people were bracing themselves for a Japanese invasion. As it became increasingly difficult to support a family, many people were head to Nanyang for better opportunity. 5. Head to Malaya Follow his forth uncle footstep, Lim Mo Jin, who had emigrated to Malaya many years earlier and started a contracting business, was already a successful Class A contractor in Kuala Lumpur, he decided to venture out to Malaya and asked his mother if she would lend him part of the money for traveling expenses. And she agreed. In 1937, the year the Japanese staged the Lugouqiao / Marco Polo Bridge Incident (a battle between the Republic of Chinas National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army.). He set off for Malaya with a small suitcase and 175 dollars 100 from his mother and 75 from his own savings. He was 20 years old then. After sailing the South China Sea for eight days, he landed in Singapore, and left 120 dollars. He stayed for two days with his eldest sister before leaving for Kuala Lumpur by train. Kuah Shai Hai, elder brother of his eldest sisters husband, paid for his train ticket and also gave him two dollars for pocket money. In Kuala Lumpur, he lived with his fourth uncle, Lim Mo Jin, and worked for him as a carpenter. He was paid on a daily-wage basis. That meant earning 80 cents a day when there was work and nothing when there was none. Despite his low income, he managed to save up some money to send to his mother every month. In the mean time, he learn Malay Language while working for his uncle. After two-year stint with his uncle, he decided that with the experience he gained, he decided to start out as a building sub-contractor. His first job was to build a two-storey school at the 9th miles, Cheras Road, Kuala Lumpur. He completed the job successfully and made a profit of more than 100 dollars. Three years passed by quickly, he decided to take a risk in returning home. On 29th November 1940, he left for Xiamen by sea via Singapore and continued his journey home by way of Tongan. By then, the Japanese had overrun Xiamen but Tongan remained in the hands of the Nationalists. To avoid trouble, the ship he was sailing on flew the Japanese flag when it entered Xiamen waters and switched to the Chinese flag as soon as it was out of the sphere of Japanese control. He was arrived in Anxi safely. He worked as carpenter in his hometown for 7 months and 7 days then only decide to go back Malaya as the war environment was getting worst. As soon as he back to Malaya, the Japanese restr ict travels in and out of Fujian Province, if he were hesitated about leaving, Genting wouldnt have exist now. About four years later, his mom passed away, sadly, he didnt even have the chance to see her for the last time. He arrived in Kuala Lumpur on August 1941, his fourth uncle then made him a foreman to lead on contractor project. 6. Impact of Japanese invaded Malaya As the Sino-Japanese war continue, rumour about Japanese going to attack countries in Southeast Asia were sirred up. To monitor the movements of Japanese warships, the British colonial government in Malaya decided to build an observation tower on a beach in Penang. His fourth uncle was awarded the job after a successful tender. He entrusted Lim Goh Tong with the task of overseeing the project. He left for Penang immediately to make the necessary preparations. But before he could commence work, the Pacific War had broken out and the project was abandoned. He hurried back to Kuala Lumpur as the strong rumours that a Japanese invasion was going to start. Soon after, the Japanese troops landed, swept through the country and began their brutal occupation that lasted three years and eight months. Kuala Lumpur was in terror after Japanese soldiers overran the city in mid Janyary 1942. Lim Goh Tong and his fourth uncle and Aunt was hid in a rubber plantation near Ampang New Village. During the earlier part of the Japanese Occupation, he earned a living as a vegetable farmer, after eight months, he decided to switch to petty trading. By using his previous experience back home, he started by selling tea leaves, Tiger Balm and other goods in and around Kuala Lumpur. Every morning, he would set off on his bicycle, going from one village to another , shouting his wares along the way. In the course of moving around Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, he came into contact with some others from Anxi who were doing well in second-hand hardware trading. After saving up some money, he joined their ranks. Soon with proper management, his business picked up quickly and he managed ti accumulate a good amount of savings. In 1945, towards the end of World War II, a Japanese-owned steel mill in Klang bought a large quantity of scrap iron from him. Before its Japanese manager could settle the account, he was crippled after being involved in a gun battle with anti-Japanese fighters. Meanwhile, the war situation changed and all signs were pointing to an imminent Japanese surrender. Lim Goh Tong was worried as the debt owed by the steel mill would become irrecoverable, so he got someone to help him write letter for the Japanese manager to sign to certify that he had a large stock of unpaid-for scrap iron in the steel mill. This letter would enable him to claim it back from the relevant authorities that would take over the steel mill. The Japanese finally surrender and British troops returned, with the letter signed by the Japanese manager, he succeeded in claiming back hundreds of thousands of dollars as the stock of scrap iron from British authorities. When the British returned to Malaya, they brought along large quantities of machinery such as cranes, bulldozers and concrete mixers for reconstruction of public facilities. Upon completion of various projects three or four years later, they sold the used machinery to citizen. Lim Goh Tong see the opportunity as many abandoned mines and rubber plantations resumed operations, there was an urgent demand for heavy machinery, especially in the mining sector, so he bought many of the second-hand machines on offer, then reconditioning them and giving them a new coat of paint and resold them at two to three times the prices he had paid for them. 7. Construction Company Kien Huat In 1951, he started buying used bulldozers from military airbases in Johor and Singapore then sell it off to British-owned oil factory, iron mining company and contractor to earn the profit of the price differences.. Ever since he started dealing in heavy machinery, Lim accumulated a wide range of reconditioned machines as well as a substantial amount of cash to move into construction and related industries. In the name of his family construction company, Kien Huat Private Limited. It was first name as Huat Kee, until someone told Lim Goh Tong that companies that named themselves xxx Kee were usually small timers without great ambitions. In 1954, Kien Huat completed several government projects, including the construction of a 20-mile road from the Old Klang Road in Kuala Lumpur to the Majestic Cinema in the old town of Petaling Jaya. The project was completed in three years at a cost of $1 million. Kien Huat was awarded a contract by the Kuala Lumpur Municipal government to construct part of a four-mile sewer from the Kuala Lumpur Railway Station to Klang Road. Each sewer section was 10 feet long, six feet in internal diameter and weighed six tons. The project cost $4.1 million. Construction of the other 1.5 miles of the sewer was undertaken by another contractor. It was a challenging project because two contractors has failed to complete the task, the first one had worked on it for only eight months before quitting without succeeding laying even a single sewer section. The second contractor, a reputable British firm that had demanded a price several times the original before agreeing to take over the job, also failed to complete it. It was due to the soil conditions actually, the soil structure contain 80 percent of rock overlaid with sand and a high water table, but Lim Goh Tong successfully completed the project by using gravel pump instead of water pump by keeping the soil dry enough for concrete to work out. After four years of Kien Huat commencement, Kien Huat had proven its capabilities by successfully completing many major projects. In 1955, Kien Huat had upgraded to Class A Contractor, which means it is qualified to undertake public projects of any size. 7.1. Construction of Ayer Itam Dam Project in Penang Of all the projects undertaken by Kien Huat in 1950s, the one that it took the greatest pride in was the Ayer Itam Dam in Penang. It was not only a milestone for the country but also a first for the local construction industry. The $12 million dam was the first to be built in the country; it was also the first time that a local contractor had been given a construction job of such scale. The dam project was commissioned by the Water Works Department of the Penang government to supply drinking water to the islands residents. During the construction of Ayer Itam Dam, accidents do happens. The British consultant engineer was of the opinion the soil structure at the site was strong enough to support without using wooden until reach 10 feet deep. But Lim Goh Tong concern about the workers safety and it was unsafe to carry out excavation without supporting structures to prevent cave-in. Thus, he ignored the British advice and implemented wooden support for safety purposes, and the project p rogressed smoothly. One day, while Lim Goh Tong was away in Kuala Lumpur, the British engineer asked the workers to remove the wooden supports, and disaster struck, the cave-in occurred soon after killed five workers and injured more than 20 others. Lim Goh Tong rushed back immediately and the engineer admitted his mistake and apologised to Lim Goh Tong. The safety measure adopted once again, and the project was alright in the next four years and completed in 1962, which started in February 1957. The Ayer Itam Dam not only solved the drinking water shortage problem for the islanders, but also helped to prevent flooding during monsoon season. 7.2. Construction of Sultan Yahya Putra Bridge Project, Kota Bharu Ever since Kien Huat had upgraded to Class A Contractor, Kien Huat has becoming busier. Apart from building the dam project in Penang, it also constructed the main building, the mosque and hostel of the Teacher Training College at Pantai Valley in Kuala Lumpur. In 1962, Kien Huat was given the job of constructing the Sultan Yahya Putra Bridge in Kelantan. Costing RM5.2 million, the 2800-foot bridge linking Kotha Bharu and Pasir Mas and leading on to southern Thailand. 7.3. Construction of Hydroelectric Project, Cameron Highlands In 1962, Kien Huat had the opportunity to work on the RM20 million hydroelectric project in the Cameron Highlands, Pahang, The mission of Kien Huat was to construct two dams, one at the seventh mile and another at the 14th mile Tapah-Tanah Rata trunk road and four power stations. The project was designed to meet the growing demand for electric power in Kuala Lumpur. Upon completion of the project in 1968, he moved most of his heavy machinery to Kelantan to work on the Kemubu Irrigation Scheme project, which turned out to be an evenful one that almost make Lim Goh Tong to bankrupt 7.4. Construction of Kemubu Irrigation Scheme, Kelantan The Kemubu Irrigation Scheme is the second largest in Malaysia after the Muda Irrigation Scheme in Kedah, it was implemented by the Agriculture Ministry with a Rm30 million loan from the World Bank to enable farmers to carry out cropping on 47,000 acres of rice land in Kelantan. Kien Huat won the contract with a bid of Rm 54 million, a whopping RM 10 million lower than the closest rival bid of RM 64 million. Many in the same trade think that Lim Goh Tong has gone crazy with the huge lose of money, but instead Lim Goh Tong didnt give up but wanted to prove them wrong. The project was a complicated one that called for the construction of a network of some 570 km of criss-crossing irrigation canals. More than nine million cubic yards of irrigation canals. More than nine million cubic yards of earth had to be excavated and 2000 reinforced concrete structures fabricated for diverting water into paddy fields. In addition, they had to build more than 200 bridges that used up some 20000 feet of concrete pipes of diameters ranging from 3 to 6 feet. Based on Lim Goh Tong calculation, he would be able to make RM 3 million from the project. Work commenced on 1st August 1968 after the contract for the project had been signed. The French firm of Sogreah acted as project consultants. In the months that followed, the project face many problems, like delay in the Governments acquisitions of land, thefts of equipment and materials from work sites, severe flooding due to monsoons and the May 13, 1969 incident. Progress of work slowed down greatly. All the problems causes RM5 million loss at the end of the first year and causing financial problem. Just when the problem happened, Mr Chin Sophonpanich, then chariman of Bangkok Bank, gave him an overdraft. At that time his overdraft account with Bangkok Bank was more than RM5 million in the red. Cash flow problems aside, he then continue with his project, but unfortunately at the end of the first year, Kien Huat had managed to complete only five per cent of the project. And thus, the projects consultant was unhappy, and in the next two months, they kept issuing warning letters to Lim Goh Tong. In a single day on 19th August 1969, he received 29 registered letters, all with the same contents saying that they would sue him and make him a bankrupt. Lim Goh Tong decide to hit back and to meet with project manager, telling them the delay of project was created by late land acquisitions from the Government, all proven by documents and hence it is unfair to put the blame on Lim Goh Tong. Lim also make a bet of if he could finish only another five or six per cent of the project after six months, then the project manager could sue him to bankrupt, they have granted him permission to continue with the project then. Lim Goh Tong the scaled down the structures as he found the structure was over design, the consultants too approved his proposal. The change resulted in a much simpler and faster way of working, less than 4 months he had completed about 60 percent of the whole project. And eventually the Kemubu Irrigation was completed on schedule, Kien Huat not only managed to make a profit of RM4 million, but also help the Government save more than RM10 million in costs. 8. Join in Southern Bank While Lim Goh Tong was building the Ayer Itam Dam, he used to get his fuel supply from a petrol station at the foothill. In the view of frequent transactions, He decided, for convenience, to make out a RM 5000 cheque then have his purchases deducted there from, upon depletion of the amount, he would top up with another RM 5000 cheque. By chance, he knew the petrol station boss Tan Sri Loh Boon Siew, a well known Malaysian enterpreneur now. Later, Tan Sri Loh Boon Siew invited Lim Goh Tong to jon him, Low Yat, Tan Seng Kee and Lim Chong in establishing Southern Bank, Penang first local bank. Each of them own 20 per cent stake. Lim Goh Tong stake in the bank was then taken over by Tan Teong Hean, his eldest son-in-law and son of Tan Seng Kee. Today, Southern Bank is one of the 10 core banks in Malaysia. 9. Development of Genting Highlands His idea of developing a mountain reort was not the result of an active search for business opportunities, in fact it was pop up in his mind in one night in 1963. At that time, he was sub-contractor for the Cameron Highlands Hydroelectric Project. That night, he had dinner in Cameron Highlands with the German firms General Manager, chief engineer and nine other people. After a few rounds of liquor, he felt hot and went out for some fresh air, as he stood there taking in the enchanting highland night view, cool breeze blew over him. It was so soothing and refreshing that he just closed his eyes and took a deep breath of mountain air. Then a train of thought ran through his mind. The first thing that struck him was that in tropical Malaysia, everybody likes to retreat to a cool mountain resort for a holiday every noe and then. This could be seen from the popularity of Cameron Highlands with the local as well as foreign tourists. But Cameron Highlands was a good four or give hours drive from Kuala Lumpur and the roads uphill were narrow and winding. He was also convinced that as the standard of living rose steadily in a fast developing Malaysia, more and more people would visit moutain resorts for relaxation and recreation. A Kuala Lumpur resident for many years, he was familiar with the terrain of its surrounding areas. He knew the only likely place to find a mountain high enough for a resort was around Bentong in the east. The moment he returned to Kuala Lumpur, he got hold of a topographical map of the Bentong district and scanned it. Gunung Ulu Kali at a place called Genting Sempah caught his eyes immediately. Within days, he assembled a team to explore the mountain and its surrounding areas. During the expedition that lasted nine days and eight nights, they gathered a wealth of data on the topography, drainage, soil conditions and other relevant aspects of the region. During their survey, they discovered that the little known mountain is in between border of states of Pahang and Selangor. In te latter part of 1963, he began by putting in an application to the Pahang State Government for the land at Genting Sempah for development of a tourist resort. The Bentng District Officer advised him to approach the Federal Government directly as the yalready had a plan to develop Genting Sempah. Tan Sri Haji Mohd Noah bin Omar introduce him to Tunku Abdul Rahman, our first Prime Minister. Tunku Abdul Rahman confirmed that the Government had wanted to develop the mountrain, but the plan had been postponed due to the road of access that require about 15 years to complete. Moreover, the country was confronting with Indonesia. Putting huge amount of funds into the development of a holiday resort at that time would give ammunition to the opposition, thus Tunku Abdul Rahman decided to allow the private sector to carry out the project. After preparing a project paper within a week to Tunku Abdul Rahman, he approved Lim Goh Tong to start the project. On 27th April 1965, Tan Sri Haji Mohamad Noah and Lim Goh Tong incorporated a private company called Genting Highlands Sdn Bhd. For the next five years, they applied to the Pahang and Selangor State Government for 4940 hectares and 1110 hectares of freehold land respectively. With Tunkus recommendation, the Pahang State Government approved their application. However, the Selangor Menteri Besar Datuk Harun Idris would only give the land on a 99-year lease. Lim went to see Datuk Harun and explained to him that he needed a freehold land because it would take 30 to 40 years and enormous investments to build roads, hotels, staff quarters and to install water and electricity supplies in the jungle area. At last, his request has been granted. On 8th August 1965, he led a team of technicians and workers to begin work, the government then agreed to build a telecomunications tower half-way up the mountain for better reception but with condition of the road has to be completed in three years and promised giving RM900,000 subsidy. Since he had to complete it fast, he make his construction team to work in two shifts round the clock, seven days a week. Besides working flat out on the job, he also threw in all the resources and equipment of his family company, Kien Huat, including bulldozers, tractors, air compressors and lorries. To complicated matters, around this time Lim had to start work on th Kemubu Irrigation Scheme in Kelantan, the contract for which he had bid earlier. Supervising and co-ordinatiing the two projects at the same time stretched his physical endurance to the limits. He shuttled between Kuala Lumpur and Kelantan, to him there were no rest days on Sundays and public holidays. Fortunately they did meet the dea dline and receive the promised RM900,000 subsidy, a big amount at that time and a great help to them. There was, however, another problem happen before Gentings official opening. When it was all geared up to commence business in January 1971, Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding areas were hit by the worst rainstorms in a century. The road to Genting was closed by landslides at 180 locations. It took them some four months to repair the damaged sections. Finally, Genting opened its door for business on 8th May 1971. It was a dream come true for Lim Goh Tong 9.1. Development of Genting Casino Lim Goh Tong original vision for the Genting resort was a highland retreat where the old and the young families could come to holiday. On 31st March 1969 when our Bapa Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman made his first visit to Genting Highlands. In his speech, the Tunku said he was moved by Lim effects to develop, without Government help, a highland resort for all Malaysians and thus greatly contribute to the countrys tourism indusry. To help improve Genting to a better tourist spot, Government would consider an application from Genting to operate a casino. On 28th April 1969, Lim submitted his application for a casino licence to the Government through the Tunkus Private Secreatary, Datuk Nik Hassan. Later in afternoon, just six hours after Lim submitted his application, came the good news that it had been approved and he was asked to collect the approval letter, thus, Genting Highlands became the first and only casino licence holder in the country. The May 13th incident happened soon after that, the government stated policy that no more casino licences would be approved. Soon after that, Lim Goh Tong proceeding to Macau to meet Mr Stanley Ho, the owner of Macaus only casino, to discuss the issue of co-operation in running the casino. However, for certain reasons, they did not succeed in reaching an agreement. Two years later, Lim finally struck a deal with Chun Rak Won, the operator of the only casino in Seoul, Korea. They signed a three-year agreement with his company which was to provide the expertise in managing the Genting casino. Unfortunately, the co-opetaion lasted only nine months before it was terminated by mutal consent, Genting took over the entire casino operation, learnt the ropes of the trade over time and eventually mastered the management skills. 9.2. Obtain Pioneer Status from Government Based on an annual taxable income of RM 2 million, Genting would be paying RM800000 income tax every year (the corporate income tax rate then was 40%), or a total of RM4 million for five years. It was critical to the company during the period when it had to invest heavily in resort infrastructure development. A five-year tax holiday would enable Genting to plough back all its profits into developing hotels and other tourist facilities, including a man-made lake, a cable car system, a golf course and the Chin Swee Temple. Upon completion, these facilities would attract more visitors and generate earnings many times what the resert would otherwise be able to. More importantly, the government would have fattened a revenue cow that promised to keep on giving good milk for a long, long time. The officials saw merit in his argument. On their recommendation, Genting was granted a five-year pioneer status with effect from 8th May 1971. It is proved to be a win-win decision. The tax the Gover nment collected from Genting later was far greater than the amount exempted during the tax holiday. 9.3. Development of Gohtong Jaya In 1993, at the suggestion of Dr Mahathir, Genting Development Sdn Bhd, started started developing a township on an 81 hectare piece of land at the seventh milestone of Jalan Genting Highlands, around the site of the Genting Highlands, around the site of the Genting Skyway cable car station. The Prime Minister offered many valuable ideas on the development of the township. Its name, Gohtong Jaya, was chosen with Dr Mahathir. The name Jaya which means success in Bahasa Melayu. 9.4. Development of Chin Swee Temple In 1966, when construction of the access road had reached the site where the Chin Swee Temple stands now, several workers and Lim Goh Tong spent the night in a cave at the end of a hard days work. During his sleep, he dreamt of the Chin Swee god a god widely pray in his native Anxi county in the Fujian Province. Chin Swee god told him kindly that he could stake everything on the development of Genting Highlands because it was a promising land that held a bright future for him. He woke up with renewed confidence and made a secret swear that if he succeeded in developing the resort, he would build a temple. In 1975, he set up a temple-building committee to take charge of the implementation of the project. Work on Phase One of the project started in 1976 and was completed after three years at a cost of RM1.6 million. Lim Goh Tong even made a special trip to Anxi to bring back a statue of the Chin Swee deity which was officially installed in the temple on 20th September 1979. After 18 long years and costing over RM10 million, the Chin Swee Temple was officially opened on 29th March 1994. Chin Swee Temple is now a popular place of praying as well as a tourist attraction of the resort. 10. Origin of the Name Genting Genting Sempah, the orignial name of the place, sounded simple and pleasant enough to Lim Goh Tong and he liked it. However, he found it quite hard to pronounce for the name of a company and a resort, so he decided to drop the second word and retain Genting only. At first, the Chinese name Yin (Silver) Ding (Top) is used, since Cameron Highland in chinese is Jin Ma Lun (Jin means gold). Lim Goh Tong thought that Yin Ding was a fitting choice because it contains the silver, and to the Chinese, jin (Gold) and yin (Silver) symbolising wealth and prosperity. But it turned out many has start criticizing after the name of Yin Ding has put into use, many think Yin Ding doesnt have anything to do with a resort on top of mountain, and it was vulgar to have a name just to associated with gold and silver. At the end, his wife (Lee Kim Hua) suggest to use Yun Ding (Cloud Top) since genting is located on top of a high moutain where people can touch the clouds floating around she said. Yun Ding has been in use ever since. 11. Rest in Peace Lim Goh Tong died on 23 October 2007, at Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC). He is survived by his wife Puan Sri Lee Kim Hua, and their six children and 19 grandchildren. His body was laid to rest at Gohtong Memorial Park at Gohtong Jaya on Monday 29 October 2007 12. Conclusion The story of Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong is an inspiring one, beginning with nothing to his name, he turned difficulties into opportunities, took much calculated risks and confounded sceptics through sheer foresight and perseverance. it gives us a lot of inspiration as we want to become a businessman. He work hard for his entire life to realise his own dream. He success to realise his o